Part I – ANALYSIS
Chapter 1 STRUCTURES, FORCES, MOMENT – a Couple
of Forces

1.1 FORCE AND DISPLACEMENT DUE FORCE
1.2 GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
1.3 LOADS
1.4 RESULTANT OF TWO PERPENDICULAR FORCES
1.5 RESOLUTION OF A FORCE
1.6 RESULTANT OF MORE THAN TWO FORCES
1.7 MOMENT
1.8 MOMENT – A COUPLE OF FORCES, ROTATION DUE TO
MOMENT
1.9 EFFECT OF TWO EQUAL AND OPPOSITE COUPLES
1.10 EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF FORCE AND MOMENT

Chapter 2 EQUILIBRIUM

2.1 EQUILIBRIUM
2.1.1 VERTICAL FORCE ON A BODY
2.1.2 HORIZONTAL FORCE ON A BODY ALONG WITH
VERTICAL FORCE
2.1.3 MOMENT ON A BODY ALONG WITH HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL FORCES
2.1.4 MOVING BODY
2.1.5 EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS
2.1.6 A LABORATORY SET-UP TO VERIFY EQUILIBRIUM
CONDITIONS
2.2 SUPPORT
2.2.1 ROLLER SUPPORT
2.2.2 HINGE SUPPORT
2.2.3 FIXED SUPPORT
2.2.4 ANALYSIS OF ROLLER, HINGE AND FIXED SUPPORTS
2.3 BEAM
2.3.1 SIMPLE BEAM
2.3.2 CANTILEVER BEAM

Chapter 3 RESISTANCE TO FORCE BY MEMBER – STRESS,
STRAIN AND FAILURE

3.1 FORCE, EQUILIBRIUM AND STRESS
3.2 RESISTANCE, STRESS AND STRAIN
3.3 WAYS OF FAILURES OF A STRUCTURAL MEMBER
3.4 PULL (DIRECT TENSION)
3.5 PUSH (DIRECT COMPRESSION)
3.6 CHOP (DIRECT SHEAR)
3.7 MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF A SECTION
3.8 BENDING (BENDING MOMENT)
3.9 TWISTING (TORSIONAL MOMENT)
3.10 CLASSIFICATION OF STRESSES

Chapter 4 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND THEIR ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 COLUMN ACTION AND COLUMN ANALYSIS
4.3 BEAM ACTION
4.3.1 BEAM ANALYSIS – CANTILEVER BEAM
4.3.2 SHEAR FORCE V AND BENDING MOMENT M AT A
SECTION X
4.4 BEAM COLUMN ACTION
4.4.1 BEAM COLUMN ANALYSIS
4.4.2 COMPARISON OF BEAM, COLUMN, BEAM-COLUMN
AND SHAFT ANALYSIS
4.5 PIN, CHAIN – A SERIES OF PINS
4.6 TRUSS
4.6.1 TRUSS – BEAM ACTION

4.6.2 WALL CRANE, A TRUSS ACTION
4.7 DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
4.8 ARCH
4.8.1 COMPARISON OF ARCH AND BEAM ANALYSIS
4.9 CABLE
4.10 CYLINDRICAL SHELLS
4.10.1 SPHERICAL SHELL
4.11 STRESSES DUE TO COLUMN, BEAM AND BEAMCOLUMN ACTION
4.12 FREE BODY DIAGRAM
4.12.1 ANALYSIS : MEMBER AND MEMBER-END ACTION

Chapter 5 APPROXIMATION OF STRUCTURES AND
APPROXIMATE METHODS OF ANALYSIS

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 APPROXIMATION OF STRUCTURE FOR ANALYSIS
5.3 SIMPLE AND FIXED ENDED BEAM AND COLUMN
5.4 SLAB
5.5 APPROXIMATION OF TRUSS FOR ANALYSIS
5.6 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF AN INDETERMINATE
TRUSS TYPE STRUCTURE CARRYING LATERAL LOAD
5.7 M A K I N G I N D E T E R M I N A T E B E A M / F R A M E A
DETERMINATE ONE
5.8 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A FIXED END BEAM
5.9 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A PROPPED CANTILEVER
BEAM
5.10 M AND V DIAGRAMS OF SOME BEAM MEMBERS
LOADED WITH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
5.11 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF 2 SPAN CONTINUOUS
BEAM
5.12 BEAMS – DEFLECTED SHAPE OF BEAM UNDER LOADING
AND CORRESPONDING SHAPE OF M AND V DIAGRAMS
5.13 FRAME
5.13.1 SHEAR WALL STRUCTURE
5.14 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE PORTAL FRAME
WITH HINGED ENDS SUPPORTING GRAVITY LOADS
5.15 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE PORTAL WITH
FIXED ENDS SUPPORTING GRAVITY LOADS
5.16 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE PORTAL WITH
HINGED ENDS SUPPORTING LATERAL LOADS
5.17 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE PORTAL WITH
FIXED ENDS SUPPORTING LATERAL LOADS
5.18 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PORTAL
FRAME WITH LATERAL LOAD (PORTAL METHOD OF
ANALYSIS)
5.19 COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND EXACT ANALYSIS
OF HINGED PORTAL WITH GRAVITY LOAD
5.20 COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND EXACT ANALYSIS
OF FIXED PORTAL WITH GRAVITY LOAD
5.21 COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND EXACT ANALYSIS
OF HINGED PORTAL WITH LATERAL LOAD
5.22 COMPARISON OF APPROXIMATE AND EXACT ANALYSIS
OF FIXED PORTAL WITH LATERAL LOAD
5.23 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF 2 HINGED ARCH
Part II – DESIGN

Chapter 6 DESIGN CRITERIA

6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 BEAUTY AND FORM
6.3 STABILITY
6.3.1 RETAINING WALL AND STABILITY
6.3.2 CANTILEVER BEAM AND STABILITY
6.4 SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY
6.5 DEFLECTION, CRACKING AND VIBRATIONS
6.6 WARNING BEFORE TOTAL COLLAPSE
6.7 DESIGN CODES

Chapter 7 FORM, STIFFNESS, STRENGTH AND
DEFORMATION

7.1 FORM
7.2 STIFFNESS
7.3 STIFFNESS AND LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY
7.4 STIFFNESS AND DEFLECTION
7.5 STIFFNESS AND ROTATION OF SHAFT
7.6 SOLID SECTION, SPECIAL SECTION AND BUILT-UP
SECTION
7.7 TRUSS GIRDER AND BEAM, BUILT-UP AND
SOLID SECTION FOR COLUMN

Chapter 8 STEEL STRUCTURES

8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 COLUMN DESIGN
8.2.1 LATERAL SUPPORT IN COLUMN AND BEAM
8.2.2 COLUMN DESIGN MECHANISM
8.2.3 DESIGN OF A COLUMN
8.2.4 COLUMN DESIGN AND ECONOMY
8.2.5 COLUMN SECTION AND CAPACITY
8.2.6 COLUMN LENGTH AND CAPACITY
8.2.7 BUILT-UP COLUMN
8.3 BEAM DESIGN
8.3.1 BEAM DESIGN MECHANISM
8.3.2 DESIGN OF A BEAM
8.3.3 PLATE GIRDER
8.4 BEAM – COLUMN DESIGN
8.5 DESIGN OF SHAFT FOR TORSION
8.5.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT
8.5.2 SHAFT SECTIONS AND TORSIONAL MOMENT CAPACITY
8.6 CONNECTIONS
8.6.1 RIVETED/BOLTED CONNECTION
8.6.2 FAILURE OF A RIVETED/BOLTED JOINT
8.6.3 STRENGTH OF A JOINT
8.6.4 SHEAR AND MOMENT CONNECTION
8.6.5 WELDED JOINT
8.7 FATIGUE

Chapter 9 RCC STRUCTURES

9.1 RCC – CONCRETE AND STEEL REINFORCEMENT
9.2 CRACK PATTERN IN A SIMPLE CONCRETE BEAM
LOADED WITH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
9.3 RCC PHILOSOPHY OF DESIGN
9.4 PLACEMENT OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT DUE TO
FLEXURE
9.5 SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
9.6 BEAM THEORY
9.7 METHODS OF DESIGN
9.7.1 WORKING STRESS METHOD
9.7.1.1SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM THEORY FOR WORKING
STRESS METHOD
9.7.2 ULTIMATE LOAD METHOD
9.7.3 LIMIT STATE METHOD
9.7.3.1CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH
9.7.3.2SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM THEORY
FOR LIMIT STATE METHOD
9.7.4 UNDER REINFORCED, BALANCED, OVER-REINFORCED
SECTIONS
9.7.5 DESIGN MECHANISM FOR SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
WORKING STRESS METHOD
9.7.5.1DESIGN MECHANISM FOR SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
SECTION – LIMIT STATE METHOD
9.8 DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTION
9.9 FLANGED BEAM SECTIONS
9.9.1 T – SECTION VIEWED AS RECTANGULAR SECTION

9.9.2 TORSION IN L-BEAM
9.9.3 COMPARISON OF BEAM SECTION TO RESIST M = 135
KNM
9.9.4 CURTAILMENT OF BARS
9.10 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (LIMIT STATE METHOD)
9.11 SHEAR DESIGN
9.12 BEAM DETAILING
9.13 SLAB
9.14 STAIR
9.15 COLUMN
9.15.1 COLUMN DETAILING
9.15.2 COLUMN DESIGN
9.15.3 COLUMN DESIGN MECHANISM
9.15.4 BIAXIAL BENDING
9.15.5 SLENDER COLUMN
9.16 COLUMN FOOTING
9.16.1 FOOTING DESIGN UNIAXIAL MOMENT KNOWN . . . .
TO BE ACTING IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION
9.17 RCC LIQUID RETAINING TANK
9.17.1 HOOP TENSION FOR SLIDING BASED WALL OF A TANK
9.17.2 RCC TANK DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9.18 DETAILING AND LOAD DISTRIBUTION

Chapter 10 STRUCTURAL FRAMING

10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 FRAMING FOR A BEAM-COLUMN SUPPORTING OPEN
WOODEN STAIRCASE
10.3 CONTINUOUS BEAM FRAMING
10.3.1 BALANCED CANTILEVER BEAM
10.4 FRAMING SYSTEMS FOR RESISTING GRAVITY LOADS
10.5 MEMBER CONNECTION
10.6 FRAMING SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING LATERAL LOADS
10.7 FRAMING SYSTEMS FOR RESISTING LATERAL LOADS
FOR TALL STRUCTURES
Part III – conceptual Analysis and design of four
structures

Chapter 11 A LOAD BEARING SINGLE STOREY STRUCTURE

11.1 A LOAD BEARING SINGLE STOREY STRUCTURE
11.2 SLAB
11.3 RCC BEAM ANALYSIS
11.4 WALL AND WALL FOOTING ANALYSIS

Chapter 12 RCC BUILDING FRAME

12.1 8 STOREY OFFICE BUILDING RCC FRAME
12.2 LIVE LOAD ARRANGEMENT FOR MAXIMUM MOMENT
12.3 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF FRAME FOR DEAD AND
LIVE LOAD
12.4 COLUMN ANALYSIS FOR AXIAL LOADS (BY AREA
METHOD)
12.5 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF FRAME FOR WIND LOAD
12.6 COLUMN DESIGN OF THE FRAME AT FIRST FL LEVEL
12.7 BEAM DESIGN
12.8 EXTERIOR COLUMN FOOTING DESIGN

Chapter 13 BRACING FOR WIND FORCES IN A STEEL
STRUCTURE

13.1 VERTICAL TRUSS/FRAME TO RESIST WIND SHEAR
13.2 A BAY DESIGN TO SUPPORT VERTICAL AND LATERAL
LOAD

Chapter 14 PRELIMINARY COLUMN DESIGN OF 30
STOREYED STEEL TOWER

14.1 TALL TOWER VIEWED AS A TUBE
14.2 30 STOREYED STEEL TOWER
14.3 PRELIMINARY COLUMN DESIGN
Index