Chapter 1 SEA AND TIDESM

1-1 Tides
1-2 Tidal Levels and Changes in Sounding Datum
Changes on Coast
Changes in an Estuary or River
1-3 Tidal Theories
1-4 Tide Tables
1-5 Bores
1-6 Tidal Streams
Exercise 1

Chapter 2 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND CHARTS

2-1 Triangulation
2-2 Sounding Lines
2-3 Sextant, Station Pointer and Hi-Fix
2-4 Instruments for Sounding
2-5 Remote Sensing
2-6 Current Observations
2-7 Charts
Exercise 2

Chapter 3 WINDS, WAVES AND CYCLONES

3-1 Winds
3-2 Waves
3-3 Significant Wave
3-4 Energy of Waves
3-5 Water Pressure
3-6 Cyclones
Exercise 3

Chapter 4 SILTATION AND EROSION

4-1 Due to Wind
4-2 Due to Waves
4-3 Due to Tides
4-4 Littoral Drift
4-5 Erosion
Exercise 4

Chapter 5 INVESTIGATIONS AND MODEL TESTS

5-1 Surveys
5-2 Meteorological Data
5-3 Oceanographic Data
5-4 Geological Data
5-5 Soil Investigation
5-6 Seismic Data
5-7 Model Testing
5-8 Local Resources
Exercise 5

Chapter 6 SHIP FEATURES RELATED TO PORT PLANNING

6-1 Trends in Shipping
6-2 Ship Types
6-3 Hovercraft
6-4 Hydrofoil Boat
6-5 Multi-Hull Ship
6-6 Other Ships
6-7 Barges for Lighterage Working
6-8 World Shipping
6-9 Shipping Terminology
6-10 Ship Terms
6-11 Tonnage Relations
6-12 Design Ship
6-13 Ship Dimensions
6-14 Ship’s Gear
6-15 Special Features
6-16 Ship Costs
Exercise 6

Chapter 7 TRAFFIC FORECASTING AND HINTERLAND

7-1 Hinterland
7-2 Traffic
7-3 Traffic Through GMB Ports
7-4 Growth Rates and Five Year Plans
7-5 Likely Trends
7-6 Traffic Forecasting
7-7 Methods of Forecasting
Qualitative Methods
Quantitative Methods
7-8 Trend Analysis
7-9 Traffic Forecasting by Curve Fitting and
Method of Least Squares
Fitting a Straight Line (The Least Square Line)
Fitting a Parabola (The Least Square Parabola)
Exercise 7

Chapter 8 HARBOUR LAYOUT

8-1 Harbour Types
8-2 Port Terms
8-3 Site Selection
8-4 Features of a Harbour
Harbour Entrance
Approach Channel
Turning Basin
Sheltered Basin
Breakwaters
Wharves and Quays
Jetties and Piers
Lock and Locked Basin
Dry Docks and Slipways
Ancillaries
8-5 Harbour Planning
8-6 Layout
Exercise 8

Chapter 9 CHANNEL, BASIN AND BERTHS

9-1 Channel
Approach Channel
Channel Alignment
Curves
Stopping Distance
9-2 Ship Motions
9-3 Harbour Entrance
Channel Depth
Illustration
Channel Width
Manoeuvring Lane
Bank Clearance Lane
Width of Ship Clearance
9-4 Harbour Entrance Width
9-5 Harbour Basin
Depth of Basin
Berthing Length and Width
Passage and Manoeuvring Area
9-6 Turning Basin
9-7 Anchorage and Off Shore Moorings
9-8 Berths
Exercise 9

Chapter 10 BREAKWATERS

10-1 Vertical Wall Breakwaters
10-2 Design of Vertical Wall Breakwater
10-3 Rubble Mound Breakwater
10-4 Breakwater Pierheads
10-5 Breakwater Height
10-6 Breakwater Failures
10-7 Floating Breakwater
Exercise 10

Chapter 11 WHARVES

11-1 Gravity Walls
Dimensions of Wall
11-2 Slip Circles
11-3 Cross-Section of Wall
11-4 Masonry or Mass Concrete Wall
11-5 Wall on Wells
11-6 Wall of Precast Blocks
11-7 Considerations in Designing Wharf on Wells
11-8 Sheet Pile Walls
Driving of Sheet Piles
Illustrative Types
Exercise 11

Chapter 12 JETTIES, DOLPHINS AND MOORINGS

12-1 Piles
Timber Piles
Steel Piles
Precast R.C.C. Piles
Pile Shoes
Single Pile and a Group of Piles
Load Capacity of a Pile
Raker Piles, Bracings and the Deck
12-2 Berthing of Ships
12-3 Fenders
Fender Types
12-4 Docking and Mooring Forces
12-5 Stresses due to Waves
12-6 Jetty Alignment
12-7 Dolphins
12-8 Pierheads
12-9 Moorings
12-10 Floating Moorings
Buoy
Cables
Anchors
12-11 Pontoon – Wharves and Piers
Exercise 12

Chapter 13 BERTHS FOR CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS

13-1 Liquid Cargo Terminals – Oil Terminals
13-2 Berth With Breasting and Mooring Dolphins
13-3 Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM)
Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM)
13-4 A Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)
13-5 Other System – Platform Mooring
Exercise 13

Chapter 14 RO-RO FERRY SERVICE

14-1 Roll-On-Roll-Off Concept
14-2 Truck Traffic
14-3 Other Factors Affecting RO-RO Ferry Service
Voyage Scheduling
Contract Booking
Collection of Octroi Duty
Insurance
Applicable Acts
14-4 Requirements at Ports
14-5 Future Alternative
14-6 Costs Involved
14-7 Facilities at Mumbai (Bombay)
14-8 Evaluation of RO-RO Ferry Service
Exercise 14

Chapter 15 LOCKS

15-1 Gates
15-2 Passages
15-3 Ebb Gates

Exercise 15

Chapter 16 SHORE PROTECTION WORKS

16-1 Seawalls, Bulkheads and Revetments
16-2 Protective Beaches or Spending Beaches
16-3 Sand Dunes
16-4 Groynes
Permeable Groynes
High and Low Groynes
Adjustable Groynes
16-5 Off Shore Breakwaters
Exercise 16

Chapter 17 DRY DOCKS AND SLIPWAYS

17-1 Repair Arrangements
17-2 Dry Dock
17-3 Floating Dry Dock
17-4 Slipway and Marine Railway
Usefulness of the Slipway
17-5 Shiplift
17-6 Syncrolift
Exercise 17

Chapter 18 CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT

18-1 Main Types
18-2 General Cargo Equipment
Quay Crane
To Clarify the Terminology
Mobile Crane
Forklift Truck
Other Machines
18-3 Bulk Cargo Equipment
Loading Equipment
Discharging Equipment
18-4 Container Equipment
18-5 RO-RO Link Span
Exercise 18

Chapter 19 APRONS, TRANSIT SHEDS AND WAREHOUSES

19-1 Aprons
19-2 Transit Sheds
19-3 Warehouses
Exercise 19

Chapter 20 SUPPORTING FACILITIES AND ANCILLARIES

20-1 Supporting Facilities
Railways
Roads
Air-Communication
Telecommunication
Fresh Water Supply
Power Supply
20-2 Ancillaries
Fire Protective Measures
Harbour Crafts
Internal Roads, Rail Tracks and Pavements
Port Office, Rest Rooms, Canteen
Housing and Others
Exercise 20

Chapter 21 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

21-1 Classification and General
General Lights
Local Lights
21-2 Lighthouses
21-3 Lightships
21-4 Buoys
21-5 Buoyage Systems
Starboard Hand Buoys
Port Hand Buoys
Middle Ground Buoys
Mid-Channel Buoys
Isolated Danger Buoys
Miscellaneous Buoys
21-6 Fixed Lights
21-7 Leading Lights
Exercise 21
Chapter 22 DREDGING AND DREDGERS
22-1 General
22-2 Bucket-Ladder Dredger
22-3 Grab Dredger
22-4 Dipper Dredger
22-5 Hydraulic Dredger
22-6 Rock-Breaker
22-7 Hopper Barge
22-8 Pipe Line
Exercise 22

Chapter 23 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

23-1 Materials
Timber
Bricks and Stones
Structural Steel
Concrete
23-2 Methods
Exercise 23

Chapter 24 DESIGN OF A BERTH (WHARF) – A CASE STUDY

24-1 Introduction
24-2 Berth – Wharf
24-3 Design
Design Criteria
Earth Pressure Coefficients
Retaining Wall From +7.0 to +3.0 M
Twin-Well – Retaining Wall +3.0 M to –14.5 M
Tieback Slab and Tieback Wall or Deadman
Gap Closing Between Two Wells
Other Features
The Ramp
24-4 Miscellaneous Details

Chapter 25 SEA WATER INTAKE STATION – A CASE STUDY

25-1 Introduction
25-2 Study of Tide Tables
25-3 Average Pumping Hours Per Day
25-4 Number of Pumps and Header Size
25-5 Design Parameters for Structure
25-6 Salient Information
25-7 Structure and System
RCC Intake Station –
Covered Platform for Installing the Pumps
Piled Approach Trestle
25-8 Figures and Photographs

Appendix I SHIPS FOR LPG – LNG AND OTHER BULK LIQUIDS

AI-1 LPG Ships
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Pressurised Ships
Semi-Pressurised cum Semi-Refrigerated Ships
Refrigerated Ship – Cargo at Atmospheric Pressures

AI-2 LNG Ships
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Ships
Boil-Off from Tanks and its Disposal
AI-3 LPG and LNG Loading/Unloading System
AI-4 Other Liquid Chemical Cargoes
Liquid Ammonia
Phosphoric Acid
Elemental Phosphorous
Molten Sulphur
AI-5 Other Liquids
Vegetable Oils
Molasses
AI-6 Special Liquids Tankers
AI-7 Transportation Costs

Appendix II PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND LIQUEFIED
GASES

Appendix III EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS CARGOES

Appendix IV DETAILS OF SELECTED SHIPS

Appendix V COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ)

AV-1 Conservation of Coastal Zones
AV-2 Coastal Regulation Zones – Guidelines
Prohibited Activities
Regulation of Permissible Activities
AV-3 Coastal Area Classification and Development Regulations
Category-I (CRZ-I)
Category-II (CRZ-II)
Category-III (CRZ-III)
Category-IV (CRZ-IV)
AV-4 Norms for Regulation of Activities
CRZ-I
CRZ-II
CRZ-III
CRZ-IV

Appendix VI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BERTHS AS
PER IS:4651

AVI-1 Location and Form
AVI-2 Required Features
AVI-3 General Cargo Berths
AVI-4 Tanker Berths
AVI-5 Explosive Berths
AVI-6 Fire Protection

Appendix VII PORT CHARGES

AVII-1 Fees Levied on Ships and Vessels
AVII-2 Pilotage Charges
AVII-3 Berth Hire
AVII-4 Fees on Cargo Landed or Shipped
Appendix VIII ANGLES OF INTERNAL FRICTION, UNIT
WEIGHTS AND LIQUIDITY FACTOR OF
SOME MATERIALS

Appendix IX METRIC CONVERSIONS

Appendix X BRITISH AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS

Appendix XI SI UNITS

Appendix XII SOME RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Index