Content
1 : INTRODUCTION
2 : FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
3 : IMPORTANT BUILDINGS COMPONENTS
4 : SITE INVESTIGATION AND GROUND TECHNIQUES
5 : FOUNDATIONS
6 : DEEP EXCAVATIONS
7 : DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILE FOUNDATIONS)
8 : COFFERDAMS
9 : CAISSONS
10 : STONE MASONRY
11 : BRICK MASONRY
12 : STRUCTURES IN BRICKWORK
13 : PARTITIONS
14 : SCAFFOLDING, SHORING AND UNDERPINNING
15 : DAMP-PROOFING, WATER-PROOFING AND
TERMITE-PROOFING
16 : CEMENT CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
17 : ARCHES
18 : LINTELS
19 : STAIRS
20 : FORMWORK
21 : DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS
22 : CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
23 : FLOORS AND FLOORING
24 : ROOFS
25 : POINTING AND PLASTERING
26 : PAINTING, VARNISHING AND DISTEMPERING, ETC.
27 : STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
28 : ACOUSTICS
29 : FIRE PROTECTION IN BUILDINGS
30 : VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
31 : CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
32 : CPM AND PERT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
Details Content
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1-1. General
1-2. Types of buildings
1-2-1. Group A: Residential buildings
1-2-2. Group B: Educational buildings
1-2-3. Group C: Institutional buildings
1-2-4. Group D: Assembly buildings
1-2-5. Group E: Business buildings
1-2-6. Group F: Mercantile buildings
1-2-7. Group G: Industrial buildings
1-2-8. Group H: Storage buildings
1-2-9. Group I: Hazardous buildings
1-3. Structural system of building
1-4. Comparison of load bearing structure with framed structure
1-5. Loads on foundations
Questions 1
Chapter 2 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF BUILDINGS
2-1. General
2-2. Principles of Site Selection
2-3. Site Plan
2-4. Planning regulations and bye-laws
2-5. Principles of planning
2-6. Modern architecture
2-7. Main considerations of architectural design
2-7-1. Bye-laws of the locality
2-7-2. Climate and its effects
2-7-3. Materials and methods of construction
2-7-4. People and their requirements
2-8. Orientation
2-9. Essential factors of planning
Questions 2
Chapter 3 IMPORTANT BUILDINGS COMPONENTS
3-1. General
3-2. Basic functional requirements of a building
3-3. Important Building Components
Questions 3
Chapter 4 SITE INVESTIGATION AND GROUND
TECHNIQUES
4-1. General
4-2. Depth of exploration
4-3. Methods of site exploration
4-4. Choice of the method
4-5. Bearing Capacity of soil
4-6. Methods for determining the bearing capacity of soil
4-7. Increasing the bearing capacity of soil
Questions 4
Chapter 5 FOUNDATIONS/
5-1. General
5-2. Objects of foundations
5-3. Essential requirements of a good foundation
5-4. Shallow foundations
5-5. Design of shallow foundations
5-6. Special foundations
5-7. Eccentric loading on foundation
5-8. Combined footing
5-9. Cantilever footing
5-10. Continuous footing
5-11. Foundations of black cotton soil
5-12. Stepped foundations
5-13. Foundations on reclaimed soil or made-up ground
5-14. Foundations on cavities and old wells
5-15. Foundations near existing adjacent old structures
5-16. Foundations for machines
5-17. Causes of failure of foundations and Preventive measures
5-18. Method of setting out the foundation trenches
Questions 5
Chapter 6 DEEP EXCAVATIONS
6-1. Definition
6-2. Problems of deep excavations
6-3. Some terms in timbering
6-4. Methods of timbering
6-5. Precautions to be taken during timbering
6-6. Dewatering of the foundation trenches
Questions 6
Chapter 7 DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILE FOUNDATIONS)
7-1. General
7-2. Uses of piles
7-3. Types of piles
7-4. Load bearing piles
7-5. Materials used in construction of load bearing piles
7-6. Cast-iron piles
7-7. Cement concrete piles
7-7-1. Cast-in-situ concrete piles
7-7-2. Pre-cast concrete piles
7-8. Sand piles
7-9. Steel piles
7-10. Timber piles
7-11. Wrought-iron piles
7-12. Non-load bearing piles
7-13. Choice of type of pile
7-14. Composite piles
7-15. Screw piles
7-16. Pile spacing
7-17. Group of piles
7-18. Efficiency of group of piles
7-19. Pile cap and pile shoe
7-20. Load tests on piles
7-21. Pile driving
7-21-1. Pile frames
7-21-2. Pile hammers
7-21-3. Leads
7-21-4. Winches
7-21-5. Miscellaneous
7-22. Pulling of piles
7-23. Loads on piles
7-24. Causes of failures of piles
7-25. Pile driving formulas
7-26. Typical problems using pile driving formulas
Questions 7
Chapter 8 COFFERDAMS
8-1. General
8-2. Uses of cofferdams
8-3. Types of cofferdams
8-3-1. Dikes
8-3-2. Single wall cofferdams
8-3-3. Double wall cofferdams
8-3-4. Cellular cofferdams
8-3-5. Rock-filled crib cofferdams
8-3-6. Concrete cofferdams
8-3-7. Suspended cofferdams
8-4. Prevention of leakage in cofferdams
8-5. Puddle for cofferdam
8-6. Factors affecting design of a cofferdam
Questions 8
Chapter 9 CAISSONS
9-1. General
9-2. Uses of caissons
9-3. Cofferdam and caisson
9-4. Materials used for the construction of caissons
9-5. Classification of caissons
9-6. Box caissons
9-7. Wells
9-8. Pneumatic caissons
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9-9. Construction of a pneumatic caisson
9-10. Pneumatic caisson sickness
9-11. Drilled caissons
9-12. Methods of construction of drilled caisson
9-13. Precautions during construction of drilled caisson
9-14. Loads on caisson
9-15. Floating of caissons
9-16. Cutting edges
9-17. Factors affecting the choice of a cutting edge
9-18. Skin friction
9-19. Sand blowing
9-20. Methods to facilitate the sinking of caissons
9-21. Tilting of caissons
Questions 9
Chapter 10 STONE MASONRY
10-1. Definition
10-2. Materials required for stone masonry
10-3. Some definitions
10-4. Joints in stone masonry
10-5. Classification of stone masonry
10-6. Safe permissible loads on stone masonry
10-7. Tools used in stone masonry
10-8. Dressing of stone surfaces
10-9. Appliances for lifting stones
10-10. Points to be observed while supervising the stonework
Questions 10
Chapter 11 BRICK MASONRY
11-1. General
11-2. Size and weight of bricks
11-3. Some definitions
11-4. Types of brick masonry
11-5. Safe permissible loads on brick masonry
11-6. Tools used in brick masonry
11-7. Bonds in brickwork
11-8. Bonds at connections
11-9. Thickness of walls in brickwork
11-10. Supervision of the brickwork
11-11. Defects in brick masonry
11-12. Cracking in brick masonry walls
11-13. Comparison of brickwork and stonework
11-14. Composite masonry
Questions 11
Chapter 12 STRUCTURES IN BRICKWORK
12-1. General
12-2. Brick Footings
12-3. Piers
12-4. Buttresses
12-5. Retaining walls and breast walls
12-6. Thresholds
12-7. Window sills
12-8. Jambs
12-9. Corbels
12-10. Copings
12-11. Ornamental brickwork
12-12. Circular brickwork
12-13. Fireplaces and flues
12-14. Tall chimneys
12-15. Cavity walls
12-15-1.Reasons of providing a cavity or a hollow space in a wall
12-15-2.Details of construction
12-15-3.Features of a cavity wall
12-16. Reinforced brickwork
Questions 12
Chapter 13 PARTITIONS
13-1. Definition
13-2. Requirements of partition walls
13-3. Types of partitions
13-3-1. Brick partitions
13-3-2. Clay block partitions
13-3-3. Concrete partitions
13-3-4. Glass partitions
13-3-5. Timber partitions
13-3-6. Metal partitions
13-3-7. Plaster slab partitions
13-3-8. Asbestos cement sheet partitions
13-3-9. Wood wool slab partitions
13-3-10.Strawboard partitions
Questions 13
Chapter 14 SCAFFOLDING, SHORING AND UNDERPINNING
14-1. General
14-2. Scaffolding
14-3. Component parts of a scaffolding
14-4. Types of scaffolding
14-5. Points to be attended to in scaffolding
14-6. Shoring
14-7. Types of shoring
14-8. Underpinning
14-9. Points to be attended to before underpinning
14-10. Methods of underpinning
14-10-1.Pit method
14-10-2.Pile method
14-10-3.Miscellaneous methods
Questions 14
Chapter 15 DAMP-PROOFING, WATER-PROOFING AND
TERMITE-PROOFING
15-1. General
15-2. Damp-proofing
15-2-1. Causes of dampness
15-2-2. Effects of dampness
15-2-3. Requirements of an ideal material for damp-proofing
15-2-4. Materials used for damp-proofing
15-2-5. General principles of damp-proofing
15-2-6. Methods of damp-proofing
15-3. Water-leakage
15-3-1. Reasons and preventive measures for water leakage
15-3-2. Water-proofing of flat roofs
15-4. Termite-proofing
15-4-1. Types of termites
15-4-2. General principles of termite-proofing
15-4-3. Methods of termite-proofing
15-5. Summary
Questions 15
Chapter 16 CEMENT CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
16-1. Definition
16-2. Properties of cement concrete
16-3. Materials used in R.C.C. work
16-4. Corrosion of steel in concrete
16-5. Sea water for making concrete
16-6. Proportioning concrete
16-7. Grading of aggregates
16-8. Water-cement ratio
16-9. Workability
16-10. Estimating yield of concrete
16-11. Bulking of sand
16-12. Mixing the materials of concrete
16-13. Transporting and placing of concrete
16-14. Consolidation of concrete
16-15. Curing of concrete
16-16. Coloured concrete
16-17. Lightweight concrete
16-18. No-fines concrete
16-19. Joints in concrete structures
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16-20. Guniting
16-21. Formwork
16-22. Placing concrete under water
16-23. Placing concrete in cold weather
16-24. Placing concrete in hot weather
16-25. Pre-cast concrete
16-26. Ready-mix concrete
16-27. Transit-mix concrete
16-28. Framed structures
16-29. Supervision of R.C.C. work
16-30. Concrete floor cracks
16-31. Quality control of concrete
Questions 16
Chapter 17 ARCHES
17-1. General
17-2. Definition
17-3. Technical terms
17-4. Types of arches
17-4-1. Classification of arches according to shape
17-4-2. Classification of arches according to number of centres
17-4-3. Classification of arches according to workmanship
17-4-4. Classification of arches according to materials of construction
17-5. Stability of an arch
17-6. Centering for arches
Questions 17
Chapter 18 LINTELS
18-1. Definition
18-2. Materials for lintels
Questions 18
Chapter 19 STAIRS
19-1. General
19-2. Technical terms
19-3. Ramps
19-4. Types of stairs
19-5. Moving stairs (Escalators)
19-6. Stairs of different materials
19-7. Requirements of a good stair
Questions 19
Chapter 20 FORMWORK
20-1. General
20-2. Requirements of formwork
20-3. Cost of formwork
20-4. Materials used for preparing formwork
20-5. Formwork for column footings
20-6. Formwork for columns
20-7. Formwork for floors
20-8. Formwork for walls
20-9. Formwork for stairs
20-10. Form linings
20-11. Slip forms
20-12. Removal of formwork
20-13. Centering for big arches
20-14. Types of centering
20-15. Formwork for domes
20-16. Failure of formwork
20-17. Maintenance of formwork
Questions 20
Chapter 21 DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS
21-1. General
21-2. Important considerations for doors and windows
21-3. Technical terms
21-4. Types of doors
21-5. Types of windows
21-6. Ventilators
21-7. Mosquito-proofing
21-8. Fixtures and fastenings for doors and windows
Questions 21
Chapter 22 CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
22-1. Meaning of the terms
22-2. Technical terms in carpentry
22-3. Principles governing the construction of joints
22-4. Classification of joints
22-4-1. Lengthening joints
22-4-2. Widening joints
22-4-3. Angle joints
22-4-4. Oblique-shouldered joints
22-4-5. Bearing joints
22-4-6. Framing joints
22-5. Fastenings
22-6. Tools used in carpentry
Questions 22
Chapter 23 FLOORS AND FLOORING
23-1. Definitions
23-2. Types of floors
23-2-1. Timber floors
23-2-2. Composite floors
23-3. Types of floorings
23-4. Factors affecting choice of flooring material
23-5. Materials used for flooring
Questions 23
Chapter 24 ROOFS
24-1. General
24-2. Requirements of a good roof
24-3. Classification of roofs
24-4. Pitched or sloping roofs
24-5. Types of pitched roofs
24-6. Advantages of steel trusses over the timber trusses
24-7. Roof coverings for pitched roofs
24-8. Ventilators in pitched roofs
24-9. Methods to secure pitched roofs against uplift
24-10. Flat or terraced roofs
24-11. Curved roofs
24-12. Drainage of pitched and flat roofs
Questions 24
Chapter 25 POINTING AND PLASTERING
25-1. General
25-2. Objects of pointing and plastering
25-3. Pointing
25-4. Plastering
25-5. External finishes
25-6. Special materials for plastered surfaces
25-7. Fibrous plaster boards
25-8. Colour pigments for plaster
Questions 25
Chapter 26 PAINTING, VARNISHING AND DISTEMPERING,
ETC.
26-1. General
26-2. Painting
26-2-1. Characteristics of an ideal paint
26-2-2. Pigment volume concentration number (P.V.C.N.)
26-2-3. Ingredients of an oil borne paint
26-2-4. Types of paints
26-2-5. Notes for guidance in the process of painting
26-2-6. Painting on different surfaces
26-2-7. Failure of paint
26-2-8. Defects in painting
26-3. Varnishing
26-3-1. Characteristics of an ideal varnish
26-3-2. Ingredients of a varnish
26-3-3. Types of varnishes
26-3-4. Process of varnishing
26-4. Distempering
26-4-1. Properties of distempers
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26-4-2. Ingredients of a distemper
26-4-3. Process of distempering
26-5. Wall paper
26-6. Whitewashing
26-7. Colourwashing
Questions 26
Chapter 27 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
27-1. General
27-2. Rolled steel shapes
27-3. Built-up sections
27-4. Connections in steelwork
Questions 27
Chapter 28 ACOUSTICS
28-1. General
28-2. Velocity of sound
28-3. Frequency & intensity of sound
28-4. Timbre
28-5. Measurement of sound
28-5-1. Influence of environment
28-5-2. Measurement report
28-6. Sound in enclosures
28-7. Reflection of sound
28-8. Defects due to reflected sound
28-9. Absorption of sound
28-10. Sabin’s equation
28-11. Absorbent materials
28-12. Types of absorbent materials
28-13. Conditions for good acoustics of an auditorium or a hall
28-14. Factors to be considered in the acoustic design of an
auditorium
28-15. Defects in an auditorium and their remedies
28-16. Acoustics of studios
28-17. Noise and its effects
28-18. Noise mapping
28-19. Types of noises
28-20. Transmission of noise
28-21. Sound insulation
28-22. Transmission loss
28-23. Acceptable noise levels
28-24. Methods of sound insulation
28-24-1.When source of noise is in the room itself
28-24-2.When noise is air-borne
28-24-3.When noise is structure-borne
Questions 28
Chapter 29 FIRE PROTECTION IN BUILDINGS
29-1. General
29-2. Causes and effects of fire
29-3. Fire hazards
29-4. Fire-load
29-5. Limiting fire spread
29-6. Grading of structural elements and buildings
29-7. Characteristics of fire-resisting material
29-8. Fire-resisting properties of common building materials
29-9. General rules for fire-resisting buildings
29-10. Fire protection systems
29-11. Strong-room construction
29-12. General rules for earthquake resistant buildings
29-13. Thermal insulation of buildings
29-14. Thermal insulation of exposed doors and windows
29-15. Thermal insulation of exposed roofs
29-16. Thermal insulation of exposed walls
Questions 29
Chapter 30 VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
30-1. Necessity of ventilation
30-2. Factors affecting ventilation
30-3. Requirements of a good ventilating system
30-4. Types of ventilation
30-5. Air-conditioning
30-5-1. Definition of Air-conditioning
30-5-2. Purposes of Air-conditioning
30-5-3. Filters for Air-conditioning
30-5-4. Heating
30-5-5. Cooling
30-5-6. Humidification
30-5-7. Dehumidification
30-5-8. Summer air-conditioning
30-5-9. Winter air-conditioning
30-5-10.Air distribution
30-5-11.Systems of air-conditioning
Questions 30
Chapter 31 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
31-1. General
31-2. Classification of equipments
31-3. Selection of equipments
31-4. Standard equipments
31-5. Special equipments
31-6. Owning and operating cost of equipment
31-7. Economic life of construction equipments
31-8. Sources of equipments
31-9. Various types of construction equipments
31-10. Excavating equipments
31-11. Earth compaction equipments
31-12. Hauling equipments
31-13. Hoisting equipments
31-14. Conveying equipments
31-15. Pumping equipments
31-16. Concrete construction equipments
31-17. Drilling equipments
31-18. Road making equipments
Questions 31
ChapteR 32CPM AND PERT
32-1. General
32-2. Network analysis
32-3. Features of network planning
32-4. Rules for network diagram
32-5. Procedure for CPM
32-6. Advantages of CPM
32-7. Uses of CPM
32-8. Application of CPM in project management
32-9. CPM for determining extension of time
32-10. Difficulties in implementation of the CPM
32-11. Project cost
32-12. Cost-time optimization
32-13. Cost slope
32-14. Optimization by crashing
32-15. Updating an arrow diagram
32-16. Time–grid diagram method
32-17. Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
32-18. Terminology Used in PERT
32-19. Percentage of probability
32-20. Implementing PERT
32-21. PERT network scheduling
32-22. Slacks of events
32-23. Negative slack & negative float
32-24. Selection of technique
32-25. Bar charts or Gantt charts
32-26. Mile-stone charts
32-27. Resources planning
32-28. Resource allocation
32-29. Resource levelling
Questions 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Index
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